Hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib kis, thiab lawv cov kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ua haujlwm. Ib Feem Kev Tso Tawm (PD) yog "cim ceeb toom ntxov" rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev- hom kab hluav taws xob hauv zos uas tsis nkag mus rau qhov rwb thaiv tsev yuav maj mam ua rau cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, thiab thaum kawg yuav ua rau muaj xwm txheej loj xws li rwb thaiv tsev tawg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Transformers nrog cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab qhov tseem ceeb inducing yam tseem ceeb ntawm ib nrab paug. Kab lus no tsom mus rau cov roj-immersed transformers thiab qhuav- hom transformers (sawv cev los ntawm epoxy resin- hom cam khwb cia), sib txuas kev lag luam kev coj ua thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis los soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso tawm ib nrab, muab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj lij rau kev xaiv khoom, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kuaj xyuas.
I. Qhuav-Hom Transformers (Epoxy Resin-Cast Type): Rwb thaiv tsev tsis zoo thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem yog cov tseem ceeb inducing Factors
Qhuav- hom transformers siv epoxy resin thiab lwm yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ua cov tub ntxhais, thiab tau siv dav hauv cov tsev siab - nce siab, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam xwm txheej vim lawv qhov zoo xws li hluav taws kub tsis kam, txij nkawm- ua haujlwm dawb thiab me me. Lawv cov teeb meem tso tawm ib nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ob qhov ntev: cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tsis zoo thiab cov txheej txheem casting / winding.
Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tseem ceeb ntawm qhuav- hom transformers muaj xws li epoxy resin, Nomex ntawv, rwb thaiv tsev cardboard, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias cov khoom siv los yog xaiv tsis raug, nws yooj yim los sib xyaw nrog npuas, impurities lossis tsim microcracks:
- Npuas Inducing Electric Field Concentration:Cov npuas nyob hauv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev muaj qhov dielectric tas li qis dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus rwb thaiv tsev (piv txwv li, qhov dielectric tas li ntawm epoxy resin yog li 3.5, thaum huab cua tsuas yog 1.0). Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav ua kom muaj zog hauv cov npuas. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob muaj zog dhau ntawm cov khoom siv lub siab ntev, ib feem ntawm qhov tso tawm yuav tshwm sim. Ntev - lub sij hawm tso tawm yuav maj mam nthuav cov npuas ntim, tsim kev puas tsuaj rau rwb thaiv tsev;
- Impurities Ua rau Fais Field Distortion:Cov khib nyiab hlau, plua plav thiab lwm yam impurities sib xyaw hauv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsim cov qauv zoo ib yam li "tib electrode", cuam tshuam qhov kev faib tawm ntawm hluav taws xob thiab ua rau thaj chaw siab hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kawg ntawm impurity, inducing corona paug;
- Insulation Hazards ntawm Microcracks:Yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab tso tawm tsis sib xws thaum kho cov khoom siv, los yog muaj kev cuam tshuam cov khoom siv thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los thiab kev teeb tsa, microcracks uas tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab yuav raug tsim. Qhov hluav taws xob qhov chaw concentration nyhuv ntawm cov kab nrib pleb kuj yuav ua rau ib feem ntawm cov paug tawm, thiab cov kab nrib pleb yuav txuas ntxiv mus nrog cov paug tawm, ua kom cov rwb thaiv tsev aging.
Kev tswj cov txheej txheem yog tus yuam sij rau kev tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm cov pa tawm hauv qhuav-hom transformers. Kev tsis saib xyuas nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas xws li winding, wrapping, casting thiab curing yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij zais cia:
- Tsis zoo rwb thaiv tsev Wrapping ntawm Windings:Loose rwb thaiv tsev qhwv ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab tig, nrog qhov khoob lossis wrinkles. Cov khoob no yuav tsim cov cheeb tsam uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua, ua "siab- thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo" rau cov hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam; tib lub sij hawm, wrinkles generated thaum lub sij hawm wrapping yuav ua rau tsis sib xws rwb thaiv tsev thickness, ntxiv exacerbating hluav taws xob teb distortion;
- Defects hauv Conductor Processing:Unremoved burrs, ntse ces kaum los yog khawb ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nto. Nyob rau hauv siab -voltage kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob, hluav taws xob teb lub zog ntawm cov lus qhia yuav nce sharply (raws li "corona tawm" txoj cai), ncaj qha inducing corona tawm. Cov paug yuav maj mam erode tus neeg xyuas pib rwb thaiv tsev txheej, nthuav qhov tsis xws luag;
- Tsis txaus Voltage Equalization kho:Kev faib hluav taws xob hauv qhov kawg ntawm transformer winding yog ib txwm tsis sib xws. Yog tias tsis muaj hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm lub nplhaib lossis qhov hluav taws xob sib npaug ntawm lub phaj, lossis qhov tsim ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog, lub zog hluav taws xob qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg yuav dhau qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dhau. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho inducement rau ib feem ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhuav- hom transformers;
- Cov txheej txheem Casting thiab Curing tsis raug:Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov epoxy resin - nrum transformers yog concentrated nyob rau hauv ob qhov txuas: "degassing" thiab "kho". Kev degassing tsis tiav yuav ua rau cov roj seem hauv cov epoxy sib tov tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm, tsim cov npuas sab hauv tom qab kho (qhov no yog qhov siab -ntau zaus ua rau ntau dhau ntawm cov paug tawm hauv qhuav- hom transformers); Thaum kub kub kub / qis qis los yog ntev ntev / luv curing lub sij hawm yuav ua rau tsis tiav rwb thaiv tsev curing (residual unreacted epoxy monomers) los yog kev nyuaj siab concentration, uas nyob rau hauv lem generates microcracks thiab puas rwb thaiv tsev kev ncaj ncees.
II. Roj-Immersed Transformers: Insulating Oil Condition thiab Interface Defects yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Roj-immersed transformers tau txais kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov roj insulating thiab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev (cov duab los qhia, roj-impregnated ntawv), thiab tau nyob ntev lub lag luam transformer tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob vim lawv qhov zoo xws li cov rwb thaiv tsev siab thiab zoo cua sov. Lawv cov teeb meem tso tawm ib nrab yog ze ze rau lub xeev ntawm cov roj insulating thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj- ntawv interface, nrog cov tseem ceeb inducing yam nrog rau peb pawg hauv qab no:
Insulating roj tsis tsuas yog ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug rwb thaiv tsev nruab nrab tab sis kuj undertakes lub tshav kub dissipation muaj nuj nqi. Nws purity thiab xeev ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tso tawm ib nrab:
- Moisture thiab Excessive Gas Cov ntsiab lus:Yog hais tias cov roj-immersed transformer tsis kaw nruj nreem kaw, noo noo nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov roj insulating, uas yuav txo tau qhov tawg voltage ntawm cov roj; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias cov roj yaj hauv cov roj (xws li oxygen, hydrogen, methane) tsis raug tshem tawm raws sijhawm, cov npuas me me yuav tsim hauv cov roj. Cov npuas no nquag tso tawm raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, thiab cov roj uas tsim los ntawm kev tawm mus yuav ntxiv cov roj cov ntsiab lus hauv cov roj, tsim lub voj voog vicious;
- Impurity Kev Tiv Thaiv:Yog tias cov roj insulating sib xyaw nrog cov khoom hlau, fiber ntau impurities, thiab lwm yam thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, kev thauj mus los lossis kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, nws yuav tsim ib qho qauv ntawm "kev coj tus channel" hauv cov roj- cov impurities yuav adsorb nqi, txav mus rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj thiab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, thiab induce ib nrab tso tawm;
- Kev laus thiab Deterioration ntawm roj zoo:Tom qab ua haujlwm ntev -, cov roj insulating yuav raug oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm kub thiab hluav taws xob teb, tsim cov khoom laus xws li acids, colloids thiab sludge. Cov tshuaj no yuav txo cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov roj, thiab tib lub sij hawm chemically hnov mob nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev ncaj ncees ntawm cov roj- ntawv interface thiab muab cov xwm txheej rau kev tso tawm ib nrab.
Lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov roj-immersed transformers yog tsim los ntawm "insulating roj + khoom cardboard", thiab lub xeev interface ntawm ob yog ib qho tseem ceeb rhiab cheeb tsam rau ib nrab paug:
- Interface npuas thiab qhov khoob:Yog hais tias degassing tsis tiav thaum lub sij hawm transformer roj filling, los yog cov roj insulating expands thaum rhuab thiab sib cog lus thaum txias thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, me me qhov khoob los yog npuas yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub interface ntawm cov roj thiab cardboard. Qhov hluav taws xob ua kom pom tseeb hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav ua rau muaj qhov paug tawm;
- Moisture thiab Aging ntawm Cardboard:Raws li cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, yog tias cov duab los qhia absorbs noo noo (xws li dej nag infiltration vim seal tsis ua hauj lwm), nws cov rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo yuav txo qis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, noo noo yuav txhawb kev laus thiab degradation ntawm daim duab los qhia, tsim microcracks thiab fiber ntau khib nyiab. Cov kev tsis zoo no yuav ua rau muaj paug tawm ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam, thiab cov paug tawm yuav ua kom cov pa roj carbonization ntawm cov duab los qhia, tsim cov channel conductive.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov roj insulating thiab kev sib tshuam, kev tsim cov qauv tsim thiab cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau ib nrab tso rau hauv cov roj-immersed transformers:
- Loose Winding Fixation:Yog hais tias lub winding yog loosely khi, lub electromagnetic vibration thaum lub sij hawm transformer ua hauj lwm yuav ua rau winding hloov, uas ua rau muaj nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm txheej thiab lem, thiab inducing hluav taws xob teb concentration;
- Protruding Tswv yim ntawm Hlau Cheebtsam:Yog hais tias muaj cov ces kaum ntse, burrs ntawm cov hlau brackets, ua thiab lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub transformer, los yog lawv cov hauj lwm yog offset thaum lub sij hawm installation, lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub zog teb cheeb tsam yuav tsim nyob rau hauv high voltage, inducing corona paug;
- Tsis zoo Tank Sealing:Qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tank sealing yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau infiltration ntawm noo noo thiab impurities tab sis kuj tso cai rau huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub tank, tsim ib txheej npuas ntawm cov roj. Cov npuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso tawm ib nrab.
III. Core sib txawv thiab kev tiv thaiv tub ntxhais ntawm ib nrab tso tawm ntawm ob hom Transformers
| Sib piv Dimension | Qhuav-Hom Transformers (Epoxy Resin-Cast Type) | Roj-Immered Transformers |
| Core rwb thaiv tsev nruab nrab | Khoom rwb thaiv tsev xws li epoxy resin, Nomex ntawv | Insulating roj + roj- ntawv rwb thaiv tsev |
| Main Discharge Inducing Factors | Internal npuas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, txheej txheem tsis xws luag (casting / winding) | Insulating roj deterioration, roj- ntawv interface tsis xws luag |
| Cov cheeb tsam rhiab heev | Winding xaus, hauv lub cev casting, cov lus qhia tus neeg xyuas pib | Roj-paper interface, npuas hauv roj, qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua nyob rau saum lub tank |
| Kev Tiv Thaiv Core | Cov khoom siv purity tswj, cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo (degassing / curing / wrapping), optimization ntawm voltage equalization qauv | Insulating roj purification (degassing / dehydration / impurity tshem tawm), sealing tiv thaiv, interface lub xeev xyuas |
IV. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Lag Luam: Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Thaum Ntxov thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Txhim Kho Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Tso Tawm Ib Feem
Qhov kev phom sij ntawm qhov paug tawm ib nrab yog nyob rau hauv nws "kev zais cia"- qhov kev tawm paug thawj zaug yog tsawg, tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv sab nraud, tab sis ntev - lub sij hawm tsub zuj zuj yuav ua rau irreversible rwb thaiv tsev degradation. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si roj -immersed thiab qhuav- hom transformers yuav tsum muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb pom ntxov thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj xyuas:
- Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tsis tu ncua: Txais cov kev soj ntsuam hauv online ib feem (xws li kev sim ultrasonic, ultra-kev ntsuas siab zaus) txhawm rau ntes cov teeb liab tawm hauv lub sijhawm thiab txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm tsis raug;
- Cov Khoom Siv thiab Txheej Txheem Tswjhwm: Ua ntej cov tuam txhab tsim nyog nrog cov kev tsim nyog ua tiav thiab cov txheej txheem paub tab thaum xaiv cov khoom, tsom rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev purity thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj cov ntaub ntawv;
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Saib Xyuas: Rau cov roj-immersed transformers, tsis tu ncua ntsuas ntsuas xws li ya raws, roj cov ntsiab lus thiab dielectric poob ntawm insulating roj, thiab ua kom pom thiab purification raws sij hawm; rau qhuav- hom transformers, zam txhua yam cuam tshuam, tsis tu ncua ntxuav cov plua plav saum npoo, thiab tiv thaiv qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev;
- Environmental Control: Tsis txhob ua haujlwm transformers nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov av noo siab, ntau plua plav thiab corrosive gases. Qhuav- hom transformers yuav tsum xyuas kom zoo qhov cua thiab cua kub dissipation los tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev overheating thiab aging.
Xaus: Ib nrab tso tawm yog ib qho "tsis pom killer" ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, thiab nws cov laj thawj muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv, rwb thaiv tsev qauv thiab theem txheej txheem. Kev paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib feem ntawm cov roj-immersed thiab qhuav- hom transformers, thiab los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom lag luam, kev tswj cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tu ncua, tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
